What is Autistic Burnout?
Autistic burnout is a term that’s recently gained attention, yet many people, including some healthcare providers, are not fully aware of its nuances. It’s a condition recognised by those within the autistic community, often described through shared experiences online. It refers to an intense state of physical and mental exhaustion that is more than just being overly tired. Autistic burnout has distinct characteristics and causes that differentiate it from the more commonly discussed occupational burnout.
Defining Autistic Burnout
According to research co-produced by autistic adults and academic researchers, including a notable study by Higgins et al. (2021), autistic burnout is defined as a severely debilitating condition characterised by:
- Significant mental and physical exhaustion
- Withdrawal from social interaction
- A notable reduction in functioning across various life areas
- Confusion and difficulties with executive functions (such as planning, decision-making, and working memory)
- An increase in autistic traits and/or a reduced capacity to camouflage these traits
These symptoms stem from prolonged exposure to situations that require intense mental effort to cope with social expectations, sensory input, and the general demands of a world designed with neurotypical standards in mind.
Why It’s Different from Non-Autistic Burnout
Non-autistic, or occupational, burnout is primarily associated with work-related stress. It is described in the ICD-11 as stemming from unmanaged work stress, leading to exhaustion, mental distance from one’s job, and feelings of reduced professional efficacy.
Autistic burnout, however, extends beyond the workplace and can be triggered by the daily stresses faced by autistic adults trying to navigate a largely neurotypical world. This includes the exhaustion from constantly “masking” or camouflaging autistic behaviours to fit social norms, dealing with sensory overload, and managing social interactions that can be inherently more challenging for autistic individuals.
Recognising the Signs
The signs of autistic burnout can be complex and vary widely, but they are critical to recognise, both for the well-being of autistic individuals and for the understanding of those around them. Signs include:
- Increased withdrawal: Pulling away from social interactions, even those that were previously manageable or enjoyable.
- Exhaustion that doesn’t improve with rest: Traditional methods of rest and relaxation may not alleviate the feelings of tiredness.
- Heightened sensory sensitivities: Existing sensitivities may become more pronounced; for example, lights might seem brighter, or sounds more jarring.
- Enhancement of autistic traits: Traits such as difficulties with social communication may become more pronounced.
- Cognitive disruption: Challenges with organising thoughts, making decisions, or remembering things can occur.
- Emotional distress: Feelings of being overwhelmed, which can sometimes lead to depression or anxiety.
Managing Autistic Burnout
Recognising the need for specific management strategies, researchers like Higgins et al. (2021) and Raymaker et al. (2020) suggest tailored approaches to support recovery from autistic burnout. This may involve:
- Allowing time and space for withdrawal to reduce demands and sensory input.
- Engaging in activities that are personally fulfilling and do not require excessive social interaction.
- Gradually reintroducing activities, but at a pace that feels manageable.
Autistic burnout is a genuine and challenging condition that needs more visibility and understanding. By acknowledging its existence and learning to recognise its signs, we can better support autistic individuals in managing their stressors and thriving in a neurodiverse world. Further research and clinical attention are required to develop effective interventions and support systems tailored to the unique needs of autistic adults.
